UCSF心脏问题做CT扫描对胸部疼痛的低风险患者。
大约600万美国人每年去急诊室,在出院前得到一个压力测试或心脏断层扫描(计算机断层扫描)扫描,这已成为普遍的做法。
在1981,美国医生进行了300万次扫描,一个医疗成像程序,使用计算机技术来产生身体的某些领域的横截面X射线图像。今天,这个数字已经跃升至7000万。 欢迎来到“防御医学”时代。
丽塔Redberg,MSC,马里兰州
实践是谁都不可能有一个心脏病患者造成不必要的健康风险,丽塔说Redberg,硕士,医学博士,心血管科与UCSF UCSF医学教授妇女心血管服务主任。
“心脏病很严重,但许多医生测试的顺序不恰当的临床情况,因为他们担心被起诉缺少的东西,”他们说。”我所做的不是你应该做的,但是你应该做一个测试吗?
他们最近写了一篇社论出现在新英国医学杂志,在应对最近的两项研究& ndash;还发表在杂志& ndash;建议使用CT扫描患者的胸痛”提高临床决策的效率,比如在急救部的评价标准进行比较。”
然而,这项研究发现“没有未被发现的急性冠脉综合征,并没有显着差异,主要不良心血管事件在28天”,这意味着结果是相同的,无论是否使用扫描。这项研究调查了46名1000岁至62岁的患者。
“这项研究的作者说,它的速度做一个CT,但我认为这将是更快的不做任何测试,”他们说。”如果你没有通过测试改善结果,为什么呢?”
计量风险
在这项研究中的参与者被认为是“低风险”的心脏病患者的人口统计学和介绍,正常心电图和心肌酶阴性,表明通常意味着患者不可能有心脏病。
他们认为这些低危患者应送回家,然后跟踪他们的初级保健医生进行了全面的访问。
她说:“很多人可能不会最终获得任何一种测试,因为它不是心脏性疼痛。”本组平均年龄为40岁左右,而且很多都是女性。这不是一个可能有冠心病的组。”
“防御性医疗的气候”已成为医疗行业的规范,根据Redberg。
她说:“我们在这个国家已经陷入了一种思维模式,医生认为他们必须要有更多的测试来不被起诉。”我们真的需要检查的心态,因为重点应该是给予很好的照顾,我不认为订购更多的测试应该等同于良好的照顾。它应该是照顾,以改善结果。”
这项研究的研究,检查了照顾急诊病人的胸部疼痛,显示了该组的人有没有接受扫描,在医院7。6小时短比组。两组均无漏心脏病实例。
辐射问题
另一个问题是辐射暴露对Redberg。 典型的是,一个X射线扫描可以提供600倍的X射线辐射。CT扫描可能会引起在美国几乎30000的癌症患者,其中14500会导致死亡,根据一项为期10年的UCSF的研究发表在内部医学档案。
"Generally it takes 20 years or so for cancers to emerge after radiation exposure but the big concern is that in 20 years, we're going to look at thousands of excess deaths due to CT scans we're doing now," Redberg said。 "Certainly some of these scans are appropriate and even life-saving, but a lot of them are not。"
She suggests the U。S。 health care industry adopt a "multi-tiered" approach to change the culture of medicine。 "Primary care doctors don't always have to do a test when someone says they have chest pain," Redberg said。 "If there's low probability, you can follow them。 You can do a clinical assessment; you don't have to send someone to the emergency room every time they have an unusual type of chest pain。"
She recommends ordering diagnostic tests only if it can improve the patient's outcome。 It shouldn't be ordered as a strategy to minimize malpractice lawsuits。
"There really aren't data showing that doctors who order more tests are less likely to get sued。 The best data I've seen suggest that doctors who talk to their patients are less likely to get sued," she said。 "I think patients would appreciate it if we would talk to them more。"
苏珊Merrell的照片
关于UCSF医疗中心
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