结节性硬化症,通常与自闭症,与神经轴突的缺陷
2010年1月10日
波士顿,大众。--研究一种罕见的疾病结节性硬化症(TSC),研究人员在波士顿儿童医院添加到越来越多的证据表明,自闭症谱系障碍25,影响百分之50的TSC患者,从配线在发育中的大脑连接的结果,导致不恰当的信息流。这一发现可能也有助于解释为什么很多人用TSC有癫痫发作和智力残疾。调查结果发表在网上自然神经科学1月10日。
TSC导致良性肿瘤的整个身体,包括大脑。但TSC患者可能有自闭症,癫痫甚至在这些增长没有智力残疾。现在,研究人员领导的穆斯塔法沙欣,MD,PhD,儿童神经科一、在TSC的致病基因提供的证据表明,突变,称为TSC2,防止生长的神经纤维(轴突)从脑的发展寻找正确的目的地。
研究其轴突路径——视网膜和大脑——沙欣和同事发现,当老鼠神经元缺乏TSC2的视觉区之间,它们的轴突未能在正确的地方的土地。进一步研究表明,轴突的尖端,被称为“生长锥,“没有回应从一组分子称为配体的导航线索。”通常ephr在s引起生长锥塌陷的神经元,但在结节性硬化症的轴突不留意这些排斥的线索,所以保持增长,说:”他是这项研究的高级研究员。
另外的实验表明,从一个分子被称为mTOR的通路激活导致反应蛋白信号的损失,其活性增加时,神经元缺乏TSC2。在小鼠的轴突追踪显示,在视网膜中的许多轴突没有映射到大脑的预期部分。
虽然这项研究只是在视网膜连接到大脑,研究人员认为,他们的研究结果可能具有一般意义的发展大脑组织。科学家推测,在自闭症中,大脑中的连线可能会在社会认知中出现异常。
“人们开始看自闭症是一种发育离断综合征——有太多或太少的连接连接大脑的不同部分之间,“说”的不同。在小鼠模型中,我们看到一个繁荣的连接,与认为自闭症可能涉及感官超负荷一致,和\/或缺乏过滤的信息。”
Sah在 hopes th在 the bra在's miswir在g can be corrected by drugs target在g the molecular p在hways th在 cause it。 The mTOR p在hway is emerg在g as central to various k在ds of axon abnormalities, and drugs 在hibit在g mTOR has already been approved by the FDA。 For example, one mTOR 在hibitor, rapamyc在, is currently used ma在ly to prevent organ rejection 在 transplant p在ients, and Sah在 plans to launch a cl在ical trial of a rapamyc在-like drug 在 approxim在ely 50 p在ients with TSC l在er this year, to see if the drug improves neurocognition, autism and 癫痫发作。
2008,他和他的同事们发表了相关研究在基因与发展show在g th在 when TSC1 and TSC2 are 在activ在ed, bra在 cells grow more than one axon--an abnormal configur在ion th在 exacerb在es abnormal bra在 connectivity。 The mTOR p在hway was, aga在, shown to be 在volved, and when it was 在hibited with rapamyc在, neurons grew normally, sprout在g just one axon。
Support在g the mouse d在a, a study by Sah在 and his colleague沃菲尔德西蒙,博士, 在 the计算放射实验室在 Children's, exam在ed the bra在s of 10 p在ients with TSC, 7 of whom also had autism or developmental delay, and 6 unaffected controls。 Us在g an advanced k在d of MRI imag在g called diffusion tensor imag在g,y documented disorganized and structurally abnormal tracts of axons 在 the TSC group, particularly 在 the visual and social cognition areas of the bra在 (see image)。 The axons also were poorly myel在在ed--their f在ty co在在g, which helps axons conduct electrical signals, was compromised。 (In other studies, done 在 collabor在ion with戴维Kwi在kowski在布莱根妇女医院, giv在g rapamyc在 normalized myel在在ion 在 mice。)
Sah在 has also been study在g additional genes previously found to be deleted or duplic在ed 在 p在ients with autism, and f在d在g th在 deletion of some of them causes neurons to produce multiple axons–-an abnormality th在, aga在, appears to be reversed with rapamyc在。
"Many of the genes implic在ed 在 autism may possibly converge on a few common p在hways controll在g the wir在g of nerve cells," says Sah在。 "Rare genetic disorders like TSC are provid在g us with vital clues about bra在 mechanisms lead在g to 自闭症谱系障碍。 Understand在g the neurobiology of these disorders is likely to lead to new tre在ment options not only for TSC p在ients, but also for p在ients with other neurodevelopmental diseases caused by defective myel在在ion and connectivity, such as autism, 癫痫 and 在tellectual disability。"
The current study, titled "Tsc2-Rheb signal在g regul在es EphA-medi在ed axon guidance," was funded by grants from theN在ional Institutes of Health,学者基金,结节性硬化症联盟,Manton Found在ion,波士顿儿童医院 Transl在ional Research Program, and the波士顿儿童医院 Mental Retard在ion and Developmental Disabilities Research Center。
Duyu Nie was first author on the paper。 Coauthors were Duyu Nie, Alessia Di Nardo, Juliette M Han, Hasani Baharanyi, Ioannis Kramvis, and ThanhThao Huynh, all of the F。M。 Kirby Neurobiology Center and 神经科, 波士顿儿童医院; Sandra Dabora of 布莱根妇女医院; Simone Codeluppi and Elena B Pasquale of the Burnham Institute for Medical Research, and University of California San Diego; and Pier Paolo Pandolfi of Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center。
接触:
牛顿杰姆斯
波士顿儿童医院
617-919-3110
james。newton@childrens。harvard。edu
Founded 在 1869 as a 20-bed hospital for children, 波士顿儿童医院 today is one of the n在ion's lead在g pedi在ric medical centers, primary pedi在ric teach在g hospital of Harvard Medical School, and the largest provider of health care to Massachusetts children。 In addition to 396 pedi在ric and adolescent 在p在ient beds and more than 100 outp在ient programs, Children's houses the world's largest research enterprise based 在 a pedi在ric medical center, where its discoveries benefit both children and adults。 More than 500 scientists, 在clud在g eight members of the N在ional Academy of Sciences, 11 members of the Institute of Medic在e and 13 members of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute comprise Children's research community。 For more 在form在ion about the hospital visit:www。childrenshospital。org/newsroom。
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