一项新的研究由达纳法伯癌症研究所的科学家和Broad研究所的哈佛和麻省理工提供了一个展示的丰富的信息,我们可以通过梳理大量的白血病组织样本的基因组。
在慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL)遗传物质分析和正常组织500多名患者,研究人员发现的遗传异常,可能促使疾病数十种,包括两从没与人类癌症。他们开始跟踪一些异常对疾病的影响及其对治疗的敏感性的影响。他们开始跟踪CLL的演化路径,为其不断搅动产生新的群体基因组与肿瘤细胞亚群的一个病人。
这类信息是至关重要的治疗CLL的日益接轨的独特的遗传特征的每个病人的肿瘤。传统的化疗方案是目前正在补充,目标设定的具体犯罪基因在癌细胞的药物。
“测序CLL的DNA告诉我们关于疾病的遗传基础很重要,”凯瑟琳说,吴,MD,达纳法伯,麻省理工和哈佛学院和布莱根妇女医院的研究的资深作者,这是由杂志今天发表自然。“以前的研究,但是,被限制的肿瘤组织样本的数量相对较少的分析,并通过这样的事实,这些样品在不同阶段的治疗过程中,从患者用不同的药物治疗。
“在我们的新研究中,我们想确定是否从一个大的、类似治疗的患者组中分析组织样本,提供必要的统计能力来研究其遗传多样性的疾病,以得出某些突变与疾病的侵袭性之间的联系,并能图出现新的突变及其在疾病进展中的作用”。“我们的研究结果表明,通过这种方法得到的见解的范围。”
“这项研究还提供了一个想象的大规模基因组测序工作的下一阶段可能看起来像,”丹说Landau博士,博士,达纳法伯,麻省理工和哈佛学院和布莱根妇女医院的研究,第一作者。“越来越多的样本让我们开始深入阅读之间复杂的相互作用,不同的突变,任何个体的肿瘤,以及重建中获得允许的恶性发展和克服治疗这些突变的进化轨迹。”
和她的团队收集肿瘤和正常538 CLL患者的组织样本,其中278人参加了在德国的一个临床试验,帮助确定疾病的标准治疗。他们进行了全基因组测序(韦斯)对每一个样本,通过DNA保存代码,使蛋白质部分阅读遗传编码的信信。的数据的分析,得到了广泛的见解:
研究人员发现的遗传异常,可能发挥的作用在CLL几十个,包括44个突变基因和11个基因,过度或在CLL细胞复制。突变基因的2RPS15和IKZF3–以前没有与人类癌症,近百分之9的患者有突变的p38 MAPK-ERK通路,传递生长信号的蛋白质网络。在一些病人中,研究人员发现了新的分子错误类型,允许MYC癌基因变得活跃。在发现许多的突变BRAF基因附近发生,但不是在现场最常参与其他癌症。某些基因突变被发现在那些已经接受治疗的患者的肿瘤组织是特别常见,这表明这些突变帮助病后反弹的初始治疗。研究人员编制大致确定突变往往出现早期或该病病程晚期CLL的“分子传》草案。他们还发现,在对经常发生突变,其次是其他。研究者发现治疗往往在病人的肿瘤产生较短的缓解在携带突变基因TP53或SF3B1.By comparing tumor samples collected prior to treatment和after relapse, “we found that genomic evolution after therapy is the rule rather than the exception,” Wu remarked. “Certain mutations were present in a greater number of leukemia cells within a sample after relapse, showing that these mutations, presumably, allow the tumor to persevere.” Wu和her colleagues observed three general patterns in these shifting mutations.“The breadth of our findings shows what we will be able to achieve as we systematically sequence和analyze large cohorts of tumor tissue samples with defined clinical status,” remarked Gad Getz, PhD, of the Broad Institute和Massachusetts General Hospital, co-senior author of the paper. “Our work has enabled us to discover novel cancer genes, begin to chart the evolutionary path of CLL,和demonstrate specific mutations affect patients’ response to therapy. These discoveries will form the basis for precision medicine of CLL和other tumor types.”
The other co-senior authors of the paper are Stephan Stilgenbauer, MD, of Ulm University, Ulm, Germany, Michael Hallek, MD, of University Hospital, Cologne, Germany, the German CLL Study Group,和Cologne Cluster of Excellence in Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases,和Donna Neuberg, ScD, of Dana-Farber. The other co-first authors are Eugen Tausch, MD, of Ulm University,和Amaro Taylor-Weiner of Dana-Farber. Co-authors are: Chip Stewart, Mike Lawrence, Kristian Cibulskis, Carrie Sougnez, Mara Rosenberg, Julian Hess, Stacey Gabriel,和Eric Lander, PhD, of the Broad Institute; Scott Carter, PhD, of Dana-Farber和the Broad; Johannes Reiter of Dana-Farber, the Broad,和the Institute of Science和Technology Austria,和Harvard University; Jasmin Bahlo,和Sandra Kluth of University Hospital, Cologne, Germany,和Harvard University; Ivana Bozic, PhD,和Martin Nowak of Harvard University; Sebastian Böttcher, MD, Michael Kneba, MD,和Matthias Ritgen, MD, of University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Daniel Mertens, PhD, of German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Jennifer Edelmann, MD, Sabrina Kless,和Hartmut Döhner, MD, of Ulm University; Anna Fink, MD,和Kirsten Fischer, MD, of University Hospital, Cologne, Germany,和the German CLL Study Group.
Funding for the study was provided by the National Institutes of Health (grants 1K01ES025431-01, 1R01CA182461-02, 1R01CA184922-01), the European Research Council (start grant 279307), the Austrian Science Fund; (grants P23499-N23, S11407-N23), the American Cancer Society, the American Society of Hematology, the Burroughs Wellcome Fund Career Award for Medical Scientists, German Jose Carreras Leukemia Foundation (project R 06/03v), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (KFO 286, Project 6), the Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung (2010_Kolleg24, 2012_A146), Virtual Helmholtz Institute (VH-VI-404), CLL Global Research Foundation (Alliance),和Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 1074 projects B1, B2), the Blavatnik Family Foundation,和the American Association for Cancer Research (SU2C Innovative Research Grant).
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