非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的年轻患者是一种独特的疾病,基因和生物,非小细胞肺癌的老年患者可能需要不同的治疗方法,达纳法伯癌症研究所的科学家们已经发现了。
在一项由JAMA肿瘤学,研究者扫描了数千例非小细胞肺癌样本的异常,发现年轻患者更倾向于有可治疗的疾病的遗传亚型,可用于治疗。
“我们发现,50岁以下的患者的肿瘤组织更可能有五个基因有改变,我们的研究,并有针对性的治疗已经存在或在临床开发,”该项研究的主要作者,阿德里安萨克,MD,达纳法伯和布里格姆与妇女医院。”我们还发现,在年轻和老年患者的非小细胞肺癌的生物学和行为的差异。”
这些差异变得明显,当研究人员比较了最年轻和最古老的患者在研究中的生存统计。尽管“靶向”异常的年轻患者的肿瘤更常见,这些患者的生存时间均短于预期时,靶向治疗的有益作用的考虑。研究人员说,这表明非小细胞肺癌在年轻患者中,本质上是更积极的:尽管靶向治疗可延长患者生存,盈利是抵消疾病的年轻患者更致命的性质。
结果需要考验年轻患者非小细胞肺癌组织中的遗传变异,可以治疗的目标全排列的加强,无论是已经批准的药物或新的药物正在进行临床试验,该研究的作者状态。
非小细胞肺癌是肺癌中最常见的一种,约占所有肺癌的百分之87。诊断时的中位年龄为70岁,50岁以下的患者中有百分之5。虽然年轻人占所有非小细胞肺癌患者的一小部分,他们的总人数是相当大的。超过192000新的非小细胞肺癌病例在美国诊断 一年,根据美国癌症协会的数字。百分之五的数字对应于50岁以下的患者数量:9600。
以前的研究已经表明,某些遗传异常与年轻患者的非小细胞肺癌,但没有以前的研究已经做了广泛的调查比较年轻和老年患者肿瘤的遗传特征。
为新纸,萨克和他的同事扫描了2237例NSCLC组织中,寻找八个基因异常,可针对现有的药物正在开发中。他们在五–发现靶向基因的改变表皮生长因子受体,ALK,HER2,ROS1,and BRAF V600E在年轻患者中更为频繁。在50岁或更年轻的患者中,百分之59岁以上的患者有可能比他们的肿瘤中有更多的基因突变的可能性更大。
"Our findings suggest that younger patients with NSCLC represent a genetically unique subgroup," Sacher says. "This has implications for how the disease is treated. Because younger patients are more likely to have a targetable form of the disease,it’s absolutely vital that their tumor tissue undergo comprehensive genetic testing including all targetable genomic alterations. This will ensure that they reap the full benefit of the targeted therapies that are now coming on line for NSCLC."
Spurred by the results of the study,researchers are offering advanced genetic sequencing to all patients under the age of 40 who are diagnosed with lung cancer. The testing,performed with the FoundationOne genomic profiling system,aims to identify genomic targets in patients’ tumors and help patients gain access to targeted therapies that may benefit them. Young lung cancer patients can participate remotely via a study website,www.openmednet.org/site/alcmi-goyl.
This international study is led by Geoffrey Oxnard,MD,of Dana-Farber and Brigham and Women’s,the senior author of the JAMA肿瘤学 study,and by Barbara Gitlitz,MD,of the University of Southern California,and coordinated by the Addario Lung Cancer Medical Institute (ALCMI).
共同作者的JAMA肿瘤学 study are Suzanne Dahlberg,PhD,of Dana-Farber and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Jennifer Heng and Stacy March of Dana-Farber; and Pasi Jänne,MD,PhD,of Dana-Farber and Brigham and Women’s.
Support for the study was provided by the National Institutes of Health (grants R01CA114465 and P50CA090578),the Conquer Cancer Foundation of the American Society of Clinical Oncology,the Bonnie J. Addario Lung Cancer Foundation,the Canadian Institutes of Health Research,the Canadian Association of Medical Oncologists,the Gallup Research Fund,and the Kaplan Research Fund.
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